On the other hand, the expansion of irrigated agriculture causes waterlogging and salinizati. The interaction between waterlogging and salinity in higher plants. The rise of water table to the surface level is called water logging and the appearance of salty patches is called salinity. The phenomenon of rising of water table is known as waterlogging 3. Unchecked waterlogging and salinity newspaper dawn. A specific methodology was adapted to assess the effect of waterlogging and salinity on date palm yield phoenix dactylifera l. This article is from frontiers in plant science, volume 4. However, the intensification of irrigated agriculture causes the twin menace of waterlogging and soil salinization in arid and semiarid regions where more than 75% of the worlds population lives. General recommendations on measures to combat waterlogging and salinity. The harm done by this type of waterlogging and salination is briefly discussed as well as the available remedial measures.
In some cases water may accumulate on the soil surface as infiltration and transmission of water into soil decreases. Improving tolerance of plants to waterlogging is the most economical way of tackling the problem. With respect to water logging and salinity, there are following harmful effects. Surface waterlogging can be seen as a flood control problem or a surface drainage problem. Solving waterlogging drainage can be improved on many sites and is the first thing to consider once a waterlogging problem has been identified. This paper provides an overview of various measures and their suitability and limitations for the management of waterlogging and salinity problems. Agriculture is being main stay of pakistan economy and its very significant to monitor the existing agricultural areas and its changes, due to different aspects like salinity and waterlogging, which reduce the fertility of agricultural lands adversely.
From a gardening point of view, waterlogging is the process whereby the soil blocks off all water and is so hard it stops air getting in and it stops oxygen from getting in. Abstractsalinity and waterlogging are two major factors affecting crop production around the world. One third of the agriculture lands are facing the problem of salinity and water logging. Plant pathologist, nsw dpi camden the recent heavy rainfall and flooding events in. Industry leader citrus, nsw dpi ourimbah pat barkley. While the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant responses to each of these environmental constraints are studied in detail, the mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to their combined stress are much. A salinity survey conducted in 200103 by the soil and reclamation directorate of the water and power development authority wapda showed that 27% of the area was salt affected. Waterlogging and salinity the downward mov ement of residue irrigation water below the root zone is restricted by a barrier.
Pdf an overview of waterlogging and salinity in southwestern. Saline and waterlogged soils, saline creeks and rising water tables collectively represent one of australias biggest environmental catastrophes. Nowadays, various areas in the world have faced waterlogging and. It also occurs on areas that are poorly drained topographically. The combined treatments of waterlogging and high salinity 15 and 30 ppt resulted in the lowest stem height, leaf area, aerial biomass and tassel mass of both p. Waterlogging at the vegetative and reproductive stages significantly reduced the dry matter accumulation during and after the waterlogging in both kps1 and cnxp49. The disasters caused by drought, waterlogging, salinity and saline groundwater. Finally, some specific suggestions are made on the coverage of irrigation induced waterlogging and salination. However, under severe waterlogging combined agronomic, engineering and genetic solutions will be more effective. For example, there may be an impermeable clay layer below the soil. Soil and crop management practices to minimize the impact. This research includes application of this model in elsalhia, egypt to estimate maximum profits according combined effect of waterlogging and salinity on the crops yield. Drainage for waterlogging and soil salinity, runoff, and. Abstractthe expansion of irrigated agriculture is required to feed the everincreasing world population.
Soil salinization is affecting more than 800 million hectares about 6 percent of the land. Modeling the effects of irrigation management on soil. Waterlogging can be stagnation of water on top of the soil surface andor the presence of a shallow water table inside the soil at a depth of say less than 0. Effects of waterlogging at vegetative and reproductive. The development of irrigated agriculture is necessary for fulfilling the rising food requirements of the burgeoning global population. By identifying waterlogging as the cause of crop yellowing or stunted growth, managers have some options to change inseason agronomy, and to plan to avoid or treat the problem in following years. Purpose the purpose of this web site is to share my experiences with workers in any country on waterlogging in agricultural lands, irrigation induced soil salinization salination, subsurface drainage for agriculture horizontal and vertical, reuse of groundwater hydraulics, geohydrology, rainfall and surface runoff relations, reclamation and improvement of waterlogged saline salty. The issue was highlighted last week when the agriculture minister told the.
The analysis showed a causal association between ros production and both waterlogging and salt stress tolerance. Irrigation plays a crucial role in improving agricultural productivity, it has resulted in waterlogging and salinity problems in pakistan due to both water seepage from canals and overdoses of water encouraged by inappropriate water pricing practices. These problems can be controlled by either implementing preventive measures or by adopting remedial measures. Waterlogging can occur in saltaffected turfgrass sites.
However, the intensification of irrigated agriculture causes the twin menace of waterlogging and soil salinization in arid and semiarid regions. The country is losing its soil to waterlogging and salinity. Read this article to learn about the definition, causes, effects, detection, solution and extent of waterlogging. Water logging, salinity, village adina, rice, scarp. This occurs as is common for salinization in poorly drained soils where water cant penetrate deeply. Waterlogging is a common problem in the agricultural soils of southwest western australia in the wetter months of winter. Waterlogging and its associated soil salinity are a major impediment to the sustainability of irrigated agriculture. Waterlogging in the higher rainfall areas more than 450mm of southwest western australian crops and pastures is a common cause of reduced plant growth in winter, especially on duplex soils. These soils are susceptible to waterlogging when the amount of rainfall exceeds the ability of the soil to drain away soil. Waterlogged soil provides excellent breeding grounds for misquitoes, and cause malaria. The water table has risen to variable depths in different regions of haryana. A wide range of agronomic and engineering solutions. Harmful effects of water logging and salinity civil.
Why does the vegetation in himalavas vary with altitude. Harmful effects of waterlogging and salinity are caused by unthoughtful planning of irrigation system. When the conditions are so created that the crop rootzone gets deprived of proper aeration due to the presence of excessive moisture or water content, the tract is said to be waterlogged. Waterlogging, salinity threaten farmlands along the indus. Ijms free fulltext identification of qtl related to ros. The role of drainage systems in controlling the twin problems is provided. Download modeling the effects of irrigation management on soil salinity and crop transpiration at the field level or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. Almost twothirds of the agricultural land in the southwest region has a duplex soil profile with sandy loam surface soils over sandy clay subsoils. District horticulturist, nsw dpi griffith nerida donovan. Effects of waterlogging, salinity and light on the. It is mainly the outcome of canal irrigation in pakistan.
Waterlogging and salinity management for sustainable. Barley responses to combined waterlogging and salinity. To make the shift from the manual to mechanized installation of the. This paper describes the processes by which irrigation development may induce waterlogging and salination of land. Click download or read online button to get modeling the effects of irrigation management on soil salinity and crop transpiration at the field level book now. Since effective salinity control will generally require a large investment and may take many years to assess, it is important to try and understand as much as possible. In 1961 during the state visit by president mohammad ayub khan to the united states, the two presidents discussed the problem of watcrlogging and salinity and its implications for economic development in pakistan. Water logging and salinity international journal of multidisciplinary. Pdf water logging and salinity are major forms of land degradation in southwestern australia and are predicted to. Waterlogging is where soil pores are saturated with water for significant periods of time because of impeded drainage. Additional information on compaction is available in the soil health section of the vro website. Managing salinity so as to minimize its environmental impact is a prerequisite for the longterm sustainability of irrigated agriculture. The salinity of the water inundation ranged from fresh water to fullstrength sea.
Waterlogging remains a significant constraint to cereal production across the globe in areas with high rainfall andor poor drainage. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed. The rise of the watertable to the surface level is called water logging and the appearance of salty patches is called salinity. Salinity control and reclamation project scarp was launched in the area that proved effective but still there is a need to upgrade the existing project to reclaim important agricultural land. Waterlogging and coastal salinity management through land. Waterlogging and coastal salinity management through land shaping and cropping intensification in climatically vulnerable indian sundarbans.
Although conventional engineering drainage technologies such as subsurface or vertical drainage combat the problem, they are costly and generate huge quantities of. Unproductive saline and waterlogged wastelands could be beneficially transformed into agroforestry systems using trees tolerant to these stresses. In irrigated agricultural land, waterlogging is often accompanied by soil salinity as waterlogged soils prevent leaching of the salts imported by the irrigation water. The interaction between waterlogging and salinity in. The objective of this study was to characterize growth and carbohydrate, lipid peroxidation, and nutrient levels in the leaves and roots of two perennial ryegrass lolium perenne cultivars catalina and inspire to shortterm simultaneous waterlogging and salinity stress. Decreased water and nutrient absorption by roots occurs with either complete anoxia or partial hypoxia depletion of oxygen.
Developing drainage as the basis of comprehensive control of drought, waterlogging, salinity and saline groundwater. Irrigation performance and waterlogging and salinity. Salinity\saline soil\causes\measuresvideo lectured by prof. Understanding the physiology of combined salinity and. This leads to accumulation and rise of saline water that reduces productiv ity. Developing drainage as the basis of comprehensive control. Previous research showed that catalina was relatively more. The government of sindh has recently banned rice cultivation in command areas of the canals on the left bank of the indus to control waterlogging and salinity. A survey of the combined effects of waterlogging and. Waterlogging the soil whose surface layers are saturated with water is called as waterlogged soil. The present paper aims to study drainage, waterlogging, and salinity in the. At the same time, agricultural lands globally are suffering from human induced and natural environmental stresses such as salinity and waterlogging. Salinity and waterlogging are two major factors affecting crop production around the world and often occur together e.
Another problem associated with excessive irrigation on poorly drained soils is waterlogging. This panel was composed of specialists in agriculture, hydrology, engineering. Impacts and management of flooding and waterlogging in. Genetic and physiological aspects of barley hordeum. The combined effect of waterlogging and salinity on crops. The water on reaching the surface evaporates and the salts are deposited on the surface, rendering the land unsuitable for farming. Waterlogging also directly reduces nitrogen fixation by the nodules of legume crops and pastures. Final seed yield in kps1 and cnxp49 was reduced by 16 and 19%, respectively, by the waterlogging at the vegetative stage and by 23 and 30%, respectively, by that at the. Response of five tree species to salinity and waterlogging. This study aimed to establish the effects of waterlogging, salinity and light on the early development of mangroves.
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